Cyber Security Implications of Quantum Computing: Shor's Algorithm and Beyond

Abstract

This study investigates the significant cybersecurity risks associated with quantum computing, particularly through Shor's Algorithm, which poses a threat to established encryption standards such as RSA and ECDSA in industries such as finance, government and healthcare. The goal of this review is to assess the extent to which “quantum key distribution (QKD)” and “post-quantum cryptography (PQC)” work as countermeasures against these quantum threats. It addresses gaps in existing literature by proposing resilient cryptographic protocols, emphasizing lattice-based and multivariate cryptography. Methodologically, the study employs a comprehensive literature review and integrates case studies from block chain, government communications, and healthcare to analyze vulnerabilities and proposed solutions. Results highlight the critical need for integrating quantum-safe cryptographic methods to ensure the security and resilience of digital infrastructures in an increasingly quantum-enabled landscape. Ultimately, while quantum computing offers transformative potential, proactive adoption of PQC and QKD is essential to mitigate risks and maintain secure communications amidst advancing quantum technologies.